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Density (ρ) = mass (m) / volume (V). Water's density is 1 g/cm³ at 4°C; objects less dense float. Unit conversions matter: 1 kg/m³ = 0.001 g/cm³. Useful in chemistry for solution preparation, physics for buoyancy problems, and engineering for material selection. Temperature and pressure affect gas densities significantly; solids and liquids are less sensitive.
ρ = 5