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Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Moles = mass(g) / molecular weight(g/mol). To prepare a solution: moles needed = molarity × volume(L); mass needed = moles × MW. Dilution: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂. Standard solutions are prepared gravimetrically for accuracy. Temperature affects volume—volumetric glassware is calibrated at a specific temperature (usually 20°C).
0.500000