Roth IRA Calculator
Adjust the inputs below. Results update as you type.
How it works
Roth IRA math assumes after-tax contributions and, when qualified, tax-free withdrawals—so the headline balance is closer to spendable money than a pre-tax account of the same size. Check income eligibility for direct contributions; above the limit, people sometimes explore conversion strategies separately (this page does not give legal advice on backdoor mechanics). There are no RMDs for the original owner under current rules, which changes estate and late-retirement planning versus traditional IRAs. Compare against the traditional IRA calculator when your marginal rate today differs from your expected rate in retirement.
Input guidance
- Contribution amount should respect annual limits and your earned-income situation.
- Expected return is a planning assumption—run a conservative case too.
- Horizon should match years until you expect qualified withdrawals.
The formula
Contributions are after-tax, and qualified withdrawals are tax-free, so growth compounds untaxed: FV = P·(1+r)^n + PMT·(((1+r)^n − 1)/r), with no tax due at withdrawal.
Worked example
Contributing $6,500/year to a Roth IRA at 7% for 30 years grows to about $657,000 — and because it is a Roth, qualified withdrawals are entirely tax-free.
More examples to test
- $7,000/year for 25 years at 6%: compare ending balance vs a lower contribution.
- Same deposits with a 4% conservative return: stress-test the goal.
How to interpret results
Growth is tax-free for qualified withdrawals in this educational model. Confirm income limits and conversion rules separately.
When this can be inaccurate
Contribution eligibility, five-year clocks, and state tax rules are simplified or omitted.
Change history
- July 2026: Published Roth IRA growth path distinct from traditional IRA.
Site-wide corrections also appear on the corrections log.
Open a Roth IRA with no minimums
NerdWallet comparison — rates and offers vary.
Frequently asked questions
Roth vs. traditional IRA?+
Roth uses after-tax money and grows tax-free; traditional may be deductible now but is taxed at withdrawal. Roth wins if you expect higher future tax rates.
Are there income limits?+
Yes, Roth IRA contributions phase out above certain incomes. High earners sometimes use a backdoor Roth strategy instead.
When are withdrawals tax-free?+
Generally after age 59½ and once the account has been open at least five years. Contributions (not earnings) can usually be withdrawn anytime.
How should I use this result?+
Treat it as a planning estimate. Compare at least two realistic scenarios, then confirm with statements, quotes, or a qualified professional before acting.
How often should I refresh assumptions?+
Refresh whenever rates, income, costs, or policy limits change materially, and before making irreversible commitments.
Guided next steps
Want the full workflow? Use this calculator inside a step-by-step guide.
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